Everyday SQL: T-SQL Tuesday - Use Powershell to Restore a Database on a Different Server

T-SQL Tuesday - This month's party is hosted by Wayne Sheffield (blog|twitter), and the topic is about Powershell and how to use it for anything SQL Server.

With that challenge, I'd like to share a script I've written that takes a backup file from one server, copies to another server, and and then restores it. That may sound pretty easy, but I've added in a few requirements to the restore.

Here's the scenario:

We have two SQL Servers, one production (TRON2\R2PROD) and one test (TRON3\R2TEST), and we have one user database (AdventureWorks2008R2) on each of the production and test servers. The test server is used by a developer. The developer send us a request to "refresh the development database with a copy of production". This translates into: he needs the most recent backup of that production database copied from the production server over to the test server, then restored to it by overwriting the existing database, all while preserving his existing dbo level permissions.

The manual approach to completing this task.

Figure out which full database backup file is the most recent for AdventureWorks2008R2.
Copy the file from TRON2 to TRON3.
On TRON3\R2TEST, script out all existing user permissions for the AdventureWorks2008R2 database.
Restore the backup.
Run the script from step 3 to reapply the developers permissions.
Delete the backup file from TRON3.

Total time to execute this task manually: ~ 10 minutes.

That many not seem like much time out of your entire workday, but what if that same developer wants you to complete this task each morning at 8AM. Now you're up to 10 minutes per day. And what if he asked you to do it several times a day, every day of the week. That 10 minutes can really add up.

The Powershell approach to completing this task.

Run the AutoDatabaseRefresh.ps1 script.

Total time to execute this task using Powershell: < 30 seconds.

How's that for performance improvement?

The great thing about Powershell is that it allows you to connect to different systems, such as Windows and SQL Server, all from a single programming language. The entire script is written using the SQL Management Objects (SMO). It does not use any of the SQL Server cmdlets, so there are no modules to import. Let's take a closer look.

For this script you need to pass 6 parameters to this script.

$sourceInstance - Source SQL Server name

Example: "TRON2\R2PROD"

$sourceDbName - Source database

Example: "AdventureWorks2008R2"

$sourcePath - Source share where the file exists (UNC Path)

Example: "\\TRON2\BACKUP\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2"

$destinationInstance - Destination SQL Server name

Example: "TRON3\R2TEST"

$destinationDbName - Database to be refreshed on destination server

Example: "AdventureWorks2008R2"

$destinationPath - Destination share to copy backup file to (UNC Path)

Example: "\\TRON3\BACKUP"

The script needs to know both the source and destination SQL Servers (#1 and #4), and the source and destination database names (#2 and #5). The other two parameters are the source paths (#3 and #6) and they must be UNC file shares. This is so the Powershell script can be executed from any server or from any DBA's workstation.

The basic workflow of the Powershell script is as follows:

Step 1: Validate the input parameters. All connectivity to the SQL Servers and to the file shares use Windows Authentication. Tests for blank parameters. Tests the connectivity to each SQL Server. Test that each file share exists. If any of these validation tests fail, the script will halt.

if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($sourceInstance))

{

Write-Host "ERROR"

$errorMessage = "Source server name is not valid."

throw $errorMessage

}

Step 2: Connect to $sourceInstance to get the name of the most recent backup file for $sourceDbName. This is accomplished by running this TSQL script.

$server = GetServer($serverInstance)

$db = $server.Databases["msdb"]

$fileList = $db.ExecuteWithResults(

DECLARE

@BackupId int

,@DatabaseName nvarchar(255);

SET @DatabaseName = '$sourceDbName';

-- Get the most recent full backup for this database

SELECT TOP 1

@DatabaseName AS DatabaseName

,m.physical_device_name

,RIGHT(m.physical_device_name, CHARINDEX('\',REVERSE(physical_device_name),1) - 1) AS 'FileName'

,b.backup_finish_date

,b.type AS 'BackupType'

FROM msdb.dbo.backupset b JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily m

ON b.media_set_id = m.media_set_id

WHERE b.database_name = @DatabaseName

AND b.type = 'D'

AND b.is_snapshot = 0

AND b.is_copy_only = 0

AND b.backup_finish_date IS NOT NULL

ORDER BY b.database_backup_lsn DESC;

This give us the following output.

Step 3: Copy the file from $sourcePath to $destinationPath. From the output above, the physical file, AdventureWorks2008R2_db_201302060836.BAK, is located in D:\Backup\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2, so the $sourcePath must match this location. Our UNC path is \\TRON2\BACKUP\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2. This step uses the Copy-Item cmdlet. In my testing I have seen this cmdlet outperform the regular Windows copy and even Robocopy.

$source = $sourcePath + "\" + $backupFile

Write-Host "Copying file..."

copy-item $source -destination $destinationpPath

Step 4: Connect to $destinationInstance and script out all user-level permissions and database roles for the $destinationDbName. The is accomplished by using the following script.

$server = GetServer($serverInstance)

$db = $server.Databases["$destinationDbName"]

if(-not $db)

{

Write-Host "Database does not exist on: $serverInstance"

}

else

{

Write-Host "Saving permissions on $destinationDbName..." -NoNewline

$commandList = $db.ExecuteWithResults(

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Commands') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE #Commands;

CREATE TABLE #Commands(

RowId int identity(1,1)

,Cmd varchar(2000));

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(d.name,CHAR(39))+') ALTER USER ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) + ' WITH LOGIN = ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + ';'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s

ON d.sid = s.sid

WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL

AND d.type = 'S'

AND d.name <> 'dbo';

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(d.name,CHAR(39))+') CREATE USER ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) + ' FOR LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + ' WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = ' + QUOTENAME(d.default_schema_name) + ';'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s

ON d.sid = s.sid

WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL

AND d.type = 'S'

AND d.name <> 'dbo';

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s

ON d.sid = s.sid

WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL

AND d.type IN ('U','G');

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(p.name,CHAR(39))+') CREATE ROLE ' + QUOTENAME(p.name) + ' AUTHORIZATION '+QUOTENAME(o.name)+';'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals p JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals o

ON o.principal_id = p.owning_principal_id

WHERE p.type = 'R'

AND p.is_fixed_role = 0

AND p.principal_id <> 0;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];EXEC sp_addrolemember N' + QUOTENAME(d.name,'''') + ', N' + QUOTENAME(m.name,CHAR(39)) + ';'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_role_members r JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d

ON r.role_principal_id = d.principal_id JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals m

ON r.member_principal_id = m.principal_id

WHERE m.principal_id > 5;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];' + dp.state_desc + ' ' + dp.permission_name + ' TO ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS + ';'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_permissions dp JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d

ON dp.grantee_principal_id = d.principal_id

WHERE dp.major_id = 0

AND dp.state <> 'W'

AND dp.permission_name <> 'CONNECT'

ORDER BY d.name, dp.permission_name ASC, dp.state_desc ASC;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)

SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];GRANT ' + dp.permission_name + ' TO ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS + ' WITH GRANT OPTION;'

FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_permissions dp JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d

ON dp.grantee_principal_id = d.principal_id

WHERE dp.major_id = 0

AND dp.state = 'W'

AND dp.permission_name <> 'CONNECT'

ORDER BY d.name, dp.permission_name ASC, dp.state_desc ASC;

SELECT Cmd FROM #Commands

ORDER BY RowId;

}

This gives us the existing permissions that we'll re-apply later in step 6. You can see we're creating code to resync logins (ALTER USER...WITH LOGIN), create the user if it doesn't exist, create database roles if they don't exist, and add users to those database roles.

Step 5: Restore the backup file to $destinationInstance using the $destinationDbName name. This is the real meat and potatoes of the script.

$restore = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore')

$restore.Database = $destinationDbName

$restore.NoRecovery = $false

$restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 10

$restore.Devices.AddDevice($backupDataFile, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DeviceType]::File)

First it checks $destinationInstance to see if $destinationDbName already exists. If it does, then it just restores over it. If $destinationDbName does not exist, then the script will create it using the RESTORE...WITH MOVE command. Since the source and destination SQL Servers have different instance names, the file folders for the physical MDF & LDF files will be different. The script uses the default folder locations to store the data and log files. This folders were specified when you installed SQL Server. If the $sourceDbName has several NDF files, all of them will be placed in the default data folder.

$defaultMdf = $server.Settings.DefaultFile

$defaultLdf = $server.Settings.DefaultLog

Before the restore, the script will set the recovery mode of $destinationDbName to SIMPLE. This is avoid the "backup tail log" error message in case the database is in FULL recovery mode. It sets the database to single-user mode to kill any existing connections before the restore. And after the restore is complete, it sets the recovery mode back to SIMPLE.

$db.RecoveryModel = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple

$db.UserAccess = "Single"

$db.Alter(

[Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.TerminationClause]

"RollbackTransactionsImmediately")

Step 6: Apply the saved permissions from step 4 to $destinationDbName. These are the permissions that were scripted out from step 4. They are applied to the $destinationDbName one line at a time.

foreach($Row in $commandList.Tables[0].Rows)

{

$db.ExecuteNonQuery($Row["Cmd"])

}

Step 7: Delete the backup from $destinationPath. This is the cleanup step.

remove-item $backupFile

When running the script from a console, the output will look like this.

=============================================================

1: Perform Initial Checks & Validate Input Parameters

=============================================================

Validating parameters...OK

Verifying source SQL Server connectivity...OK

Verifying source database exists...OK

Verifying destination SQL Server connectivity...OK

Verifying source file share exists...OK

Verifying destination file share exists...OK

=============================================================

2: Get Source Backup for the Restore

=============================================================

Connecting to TRON2\R2PROD to find a restore file...

Selected file: D:\Backup\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2\AdventureWorks2008R2_db_201302060836.BAK

Verifying file: \\TRON2\BACKUP\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2\AdventureWorks2008R2_db_201302060836.BAK exists...

Source file existence: OK

=============================================================

3: Copy Backup File to the Destination

=============================================================

Copying file...

Copy file: OK

=============================================================

4: Get Current Permissions on the Destination Database

=============================================================

Saving permissions on AdventureWorks2008R2...OK

=============================================================

5: Restore Backup File to the Destination Server

=============================================================

Restoring database...

Database Restore: OK

=============================================================

6: Restore Permissions to the Destination Database

=============================================================

Restoring existing permissions...

Existing permissions restored: OK

=============================================================

7: Delete Backup File from the Destination Server

=============================================================

Deleting file...

Delete file: OK

=============================================================

Database refresh completed successfully

=============================================================

The best part about using the Powershell script, is you can setup a SQL Agent job to call the script with the parameters already specified. That way when the developer asks you refresh the same database then all you have to do is run the job, or you can work the developer to schedule the job to run automatically each day.

The SQL Agent job will need to setup as an "Operating system (CmdExec)" job type. This is because it uses Powershell components that are outside the normal SQLPS group of commands.

The entire script is below. Feel free to modify it as you see fit for your environment.

###########################################################################################
#
#   File Name:    AutoDatabaseRefresh.ps1
#
#   Applies to:   SQL Server 2008
#                 SQL Server 2008 R2
#                 SQL Server 2012
#
#   Purpose:      Used to automatically restore a database in another environment.
#
#   Prerequisite: Powershell v2.0 must be installed.
#                 SQL Server components must be installed.
#
#   Parameters:   [string]$sourceInstance - Source SQL Server name (Ex: SERVER\INSTANCE)
#                 [string]$sourceDbName - Source database
#                 [string]$sourcePath - Source share where the file exists
#                 [string]$destinationInstance - Destination SQL Server name (Ex: SERVER\INSTANCE)
#                 [string]$destinationDbName - Database to be refreshed/created on desitination server
#                 [string]$destinationPath - Share to copy backup file to (UNC Path Ex: \\SERVER\backup$)
#
#   Author:       Patrick Keisler
#
#   Version:      1.0.0
#
#   Date:         02/06/2013
#
#   Help:         http://www.patrickkeisler.com/
#
###########################################################################################

#Enable Debug Messages
#$DebugPreference = "Continue"

#Disable Debug Messages
$DebugPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

#Terminate Code on All Errors
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"

#Clear screen
CLEAR

#Load Assemblies
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo') | out-null
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended') | out-null
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo') | out-null

function CheckForErrors {
    $errorsReported = $False
    if($Error.Count -ne 0)
    {
  Write-Host
  Write-Host "******************************"
        Write-Host "Errors:" $Error.Count
        Write-Host "******************************"
        foreach($err in $Error)
        {
            $errorsReported  = $True
            if( $err.Exception.InnerException -ne $null)
            {
                Write-Host $err.Exception.InnerException.ToString()
            }
            else
            {
                Write-Host $err.Exception.ToString()
            }
            Write-Host
        }
        throw;
    }
}
function GetServer {
    Param([string]$serverInstance)

    $server = New-Object ("Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server")($serverInstance)
    $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = "AutoDatabaseRefresh"
 $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = 5
    $server;
}
function GetRestoreFileList {
 Param([string]$serverInstance, [string]$sourcePath)

 Write-Host "Connecting to $serverInstance to find a restore file..."
 $server = GetServer($serverInstance)
 $db = $server.Databases["msdb"]
 $fileList = $db.ExecuteWithResults(
 @"
DECLARE
  @BackupId int
 ,@DatabaseName nvarchar(255);

SET @DatabaseName = '$sourceDbName';
  
-- Get the most recent full backup for this database
SELECT TOP 1
  @DatabaseName AS DatabaseName
 ,m.physical_device_name
 ,RIGHT(m.physical_device_name, CHARINDEX('\',REVERSE(physical_device_name),1) - 1) AS 'FileName'
 ,b.backup_finish_date
 ,b.type AS 'BackupType'
FROM msdb.dbo.backupset b JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily m
ON b.media_set_id = m.media_set_id
WHERE b.database_name = @DatabaseName
 AND b.type = 'D'
 AND b.is_snapshot = 0
 AND b.is_copy_only = 0
 AND b.backup_finish_date IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY b.database_backup_lsn DESC;
"@
 )

 CheckForErrors
 
 if ($fileList.Tables[0].Rows.Count -ge 1)
 {
  foreach($file in $fileList.Tables[0].Rows)
  {
   $source = $sourcePath + "\" + $file["FileName"]
   Write-Host "Selected file: " $file["physical_device_name"]
   
      Write-Host "Verifying file: $source exists..."
      if((Test-Path -Path $source) -ne $True)
      {
             $errorMessage = "File:" + $source + " does not exists"
             throw $errorMessage
      }
  }

  Write-Host "Source file existence: OK"
  $file["FileName"].ToString();
 }
 else
 {
        $errorMessage = "Source database " + $sourceDbName + " does not have any current full backups."
        throw $errorMessage 
 }
}
function GetExistingPermissions {
    Param([string]$serverInstance, [string]$destinationDbName)

    $server = GetServer($serverInstance)
 $db = $server.Databases["$destinationDbName"]

 if(-not $db)
 {
  Write-Host "Database does not exist on: $serverInstance"
 }
 else
 {
  Write-Host "Saving permissions on $destinationDbName..." -NoNewline
  $commandList = $db.ExecuteWithResults(
  @"
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Commands') IS NOT NULL
 DROP TABLE #Commands;
CREATE TABLE #Commands(
  RowId int identity(1,1)
 ,Cmd varchar(2000));

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(d.name,CHAR(39))+') ALTER USER ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) + ' WITH LOGIN = ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + ';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s
 ON d.sid = s.sid 
WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL
 AND d.type = 'S'
 AND d.name <> 'dbo';

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(d.name,CHAR(39))+') CREATE USER ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) + ' FOR LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + ' WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = ' + QUOTENAME(d.default_schema_name) + ';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s
 ON d.sid = s.sid 
WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL
 AND d.type = 'S'
 AND d.name <> 'dbo';

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(d.name,CHAR(39))+') CREATE USER ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) + ' FOR LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + ';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d LEFT OUTER JOIN master.sys.server_principals s
 ON d.sid = s.sid 
WHERE s.name IS NOT NULL
 AND d.type IN ('U','G');

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name = N'+QUOTENAME(p.name,CHAR(39))+') CREATE ROLE ' + QUOTENAME(p.name) + ' AUTHORIZATION '+QUOTENAME(o.name)+';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals p JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals o
 ON o.principal_id = p.owning_principal_id
WHERE p.type = 'R' 
 AND p.is_fixed_role = 0 
 AND p.principal_id <> 0;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];EXEC sp_addrolemember N' + QUOTENAME(d.name,'''') + ', N' + QUOTENAME(m.name,CHAR(39)) + ';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_role_members r JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d
 ON r.role_principal_id = d.principal_id JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals m
 ON r.member_principal_id = m.principal_id
WHERE m.principal_id > 5;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];' + dp.state_desc + ' ' + dp.permission_name + ' TO ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS + ';'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_permissions dp JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d
 ON dp.grantee_principal_id = d.principal_id
WHERE dp.major_id = 0 
 AND dp.state <> 'W'
 AND dp.permission_name <> 'CONNECT'
ORDER BY d.name, dp.permission_name ASC, dp.state_desc ASC;

INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [$destinationDbName];GRANT ' + dp.permission_name + ' TO ' + QUOTENAME(d.name) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS + ' WITH GRANT OPTION;'
FROM [$destinationDbName].sys.database_permissions dp JOIN [$destinationDbName].sys.database_principals d
 ON dp.grantee_principal_id = d.principal_id
WHERE dp.major_id = 0 
 AND dp.state = 'W'
 AND dp.permission_name <> 'CONNECT'
ORDER BY d.name, dp.permission_name ASC, dp.state_desc ASC;

SELECT Cmd FROM #Commands
ORDER BY RowId;
"@
  )

 CheckForErrors
 Write-Host "OK"
 }

 $commandList;
}
function CopyFile {
    Param([string]$sourcePath, [string]$backupFile, [string]$destinationpPath)

    $source = $sourcePath + "\" + $backupFile
    
    try
    {
        Write-Host "Copying file..."
  Write-Debug "Copy $source to $destinationpPath"
  copy-item $source -destination $destinationpPath
    }
    catch
    {
        CheckForErrors
    }

 Write-Host "Copy file: OK"
}
function DeleteFile {
    Param([string]$backupFile)

    try
    {
        Write-Host "Deleting file..."
  Write-Debug "Deleting file: $backupFile"
  remove-item $backupFile
    }
    catch
    {
        CheckForErrors
    }
    
    Write-Host "Delete file: OK"
}
function RestoreDatabase {
    Param([string]$serverInstance, [string]$destinationDbName, [string]$backupDataFile, [string]$actionType)

 Write-Host "Restoring database..."

    $server = GetServer($serverInstance)
 $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
 $db = $server.Databases["$destinationDbName"]

    #Create the restore object and set properties
    $restore = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore')
    $restore.Database = $destinationDbName
    $restore.NoRecovery = $false
    $restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 10
    $restore.Devices.AddDevice($backupDataFile, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DeviceType]::File)

 if(-not $db)
 {
  Write-Debug "$destinationDbName does not exist..."
  
        #Grab the default MDF & LDF file locations.
        $defaultMdf = $server.Settings.DefaultFile
     $defaultLdf = $server.Settings.DefaultLog

        #If the default locations are the same as the master database, 
        #then those values do not get populated and must be pulled from the MasterPath.
        if($defaultMdf.Length -eq 0)
        {
                $defaultMdf = $server.Information.MasterDBPath
     }
     if($defaultLdf.Length -eq 0)
        {
                $defaultLdf = $server.Information.MasterDBLogPath
        }
        
        if(-not $defaultMdf.EndsWith("\"))
        {
            $defaultMdf = $defaultMdf + "\"
        }
        if(-not $defaultLdf.EndsWith("\"))
        {
            $defaultLdf = $defaultLdf + "\"
        }
          
        $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $True

  #Get the database logical file names            
        try
  {
   $logicalNameDT = $restore.ReadFileList($server)
  }
  catch
  {
   CheckForErrors
  }

        $FileType = ""

  Write-Debug "Restoring $destinationDbName to the following physical locations:"

        foreach($Row in $logicalNameDT)
        {
            # Put the file type into a local variable.
            # This will be the variable that we use to find out which file
            # we are working with.
            $FileType = $Row["Type"].ToUpper()

            # If Type = "D", then we are handling the Database File name.
            If($FileType.Equals("D"))
            {
                $dbLogicalName = $Row["LogicalName"]
    
    $targetDbFilePath = $Row["PhysicalName"]
    $position = $targetDbFilePath.LastIndexOf("\") + 1
    $targetDbFilePath = $targetDbFilePath.Substring($position,$targetDbFilePath.Length - $position)
    $targetDbFilePath = $defaultMdf + $targetDbFilePath
    
       if((Test-Path -Path $targetDbFilePath) -eq $true)
    {
     $targetDbFilePath = $targetDbFilePath -replace $dbLogicalName, $destinationDbName
    }

    #Specify new data files (mdf and ndf)
          $relocateDataFile = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile')
          $relocateDataFile.LogicalFileName = $dbLogicalName            
          $relocateDataFile.PhysicalFileName = $targetDbFilePath
          $restore.RelocateFiles.Add($relocateDataFile) | out-null
  
    Write-Debug $relocateDataFile.PhysicalFileName
            }
            # If Type = "L", then we are handling the Log File name.
            elseif($FileType.Equals("L"))
            {
                $logLogicalName = $Row["LogicalName"]
    
    $targetLogFilePath = $Row["PhysicalName"]
    $position = $targetLogFilePath.LastIndexOf("\") + 1
    $targetLogFilePath = $targetLogFilePath.Substring($position,$targetLogFilePath.Length - $position)
    $targetLogFilePath = $defaultLdf + $targetLogFilePath

       if((Test-Path -Path $targetLogFilePath) -eq $true)
    {
     $tempName = $destinationDbName + "_Log"
     $targetLogFilePath = $targetLogFilePath -replace $logLogicalName, $tempName
    }

    #Specify new log files (ldf)
          $relocateLogFile  = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile')
          $relocateLogFile.LogicalFileName = $logLogicalName            
          $relocateLogFile.PhysicalFileName = $targetLogFilePath          
          $restore.RelocateFiles.Add($relocateLogFile) | out-null
  
    Write-Debug $relocateLogFile.PhysicalFileName
         }          
        }
 }
 else
 {
  Write-Debug "Overwritting existing database..."
  
  #Set recovery model to simple on destination database before restore
  if($db.RecoveryModel -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple)
     {
            Write-Debug "Changing recovery model to SIMPLE"
            $db.RecoveryModel = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple
   try
   {
             $db.Alter()
   }
   catch
   {
    CheckForErrors
   }
     }

  #Set destination database to single user mode to kill any active connections
  $db.UserAccess = "Single"
  try
  {
   $db.Alter([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.TerminationClause]"RollbackTransactionsImmediately")
  }
  catch
  {
   CheckForErrors
  }
 }
 
    #Do the restore
 try
 {
     $restore.SqlRestore($server)
 }
 catch
 {
     CheckForErrors
 }
 
 #Reload the restored database object
 $db = $server.Databases["$destinationDbName"]
 
 #Set recovery model to simple on destination database after restore
 if($db.RecoveryModel -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple)
    {
        Write-Debug "Changing recovery model to SIMPLE"
        $db.RecoveryModel = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple
  try
  {
         $db.Alter()
  }
  catch
  {
   CheckForErrors
  }
    }
 
    Write-Host $actionType.ToString() "Restore: OK"
}
function RestorePermissions {
    Param([string]$destinationInstance, [string]$destinationDbName, $commandList)

 Write-Host "Restoring existing permissions..."
 $server = GetServer($destinationInstance)
 $db = $server.Databases[$destinationDbName]
 
 foreach($Row in $commandList.Tables[0].Rows)
 {
  #Apply existing permissions back to destination database
  Write-Debug $Row["Cmd"]
  try
  {
   $db.ExecuteNonQuery($Row["Cmd"])
  }
  catch
  {
   CheckForErrors
  }
 }
 
 Write-Host "Existing permissions restored: OK"
}
function PerformValidation {
    Param($sourceInstance, $sourceDbName, $sourcePath, $destinationInstance, $destinationDbName, $destinationPath)
 
 Write-Host "Validating parameters..." -NoNewline
 
 if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($sourceInstance))
 {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Source server name is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($sourceDbName))
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Source database name is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($sourcePath))
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Source path is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
 else
    {
        if(-not $sourcePath.StartsWith("\\"))
        {
   Write-Host "ERROR"
            $errorMessage = "Source path is not valid: " + $sourcePath
            throw $errorMessage
        }
    }
    if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationInstance))
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Destination server name is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationDbName))
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Destination database name is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
 if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationPath))
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Destination path name is not valid."
        throw $errorMessage
    }
 else
    {
        if(-not $destinationPath.StartsWith("\\"))
        {
   Write-Host "ERROR"
            $errorMessage = "Destination path is not valid: " + $destinationPath
            throw $errorMessage
        }
    }
    
 Write-Host "OK"

    Write-Host "Verifying source SQL Server connectivity..." -NoNewline
 $conn = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ServerConnection($sourceInstance)
    $conn.ApplicationName = "AutoDatabaseRefresh"
 $conn.NonPooledConnection = $true
 $conn.ConnectTimeout = 5
 try
 {
  $conn.Connect()
        $conn.Disconnect()
 }
 catch
 {
  CheckForErrors
 }
    Write-Host "OK"
 
 Write-Host "Verifying source database exists..." -NoNewline
 $sourceServer = GetServer($sourceInstance)
    $sourcedb = $sourceServer.Databases[$sourceDbName]
 if(-not $sourcedb)
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "Source database does not exist on $sourceInstance"
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    Write-Host "OK"

    Write-Host "Verifying destination SQL Server connectivity..." -NoNewline
 $conn = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ServerConnection($destinationInstance)
    $conn.ApplicationName = "AutoDatabaseRefresh"
 $conn.NonPooledConnection = $true
 $conn.ConnectTimeout = 5
 try
 {
  $conn.Connect()
        $conn.Disconnect()
 }
 catch
 {
  CheckForErrors
 }
 Write-Host "OK"
 
    Write-Host "Verifying source file share exists..." -NoNewline
    if((Test-Path -Path $sourcePath) -ne $True)
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "File share:" + $sourcePath + " does not exists"
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    Write-Host "OK"

    Write-Host "Verifying destination file share exists..." -NoNewline
    if((Test-Path -Path $destinationPath) -ne $True)
    {
  Write-Host "ERROR"
        $errorMessage = "File share:" + $destinationPath + " does not exists"
        throw $errorMessage
    }
    Write-Host "OK"
}

function Main{
 
 Param([string]$sourceInstance, [string]$sourceDbName, [string]$sourcePath, [string]$destinationInstance, [string]$destinationDbName, [string]$destinationPath)
 
 $Error.Clear()

    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 1: Perform Initial Checks & Validate Input Parameters"
    Write-Host "============================================================="
 
 PerformValidation $sourceInstance $sourceDbName $sourcePath $destinationInstance $destinationDbName $destinationPath
 
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 2: Get Source Backup for the Restore"
    Write-Host "============================================================="

 $restoreFile = GetRestoreFileList $sourceInstance $sourcePath
  
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 3: Copy Backup File to the Destination"
    Write-Host "============================================================="
 
 CopyFile $sourcePath $restoreFile $destinationPath

    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 4: Get Current Permissions on the Destination Database"
    Write-Host "============================================================="

 $existingPermissions = GetExistingPermissions $destinationInstance $destinationDbName
 
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 5: Restore Backup File to the Destination Server"
    Write-Host "============================================================="

 $restoreFile = $destinationPath + "\" + $restoreFile
 RestoreDatabase $destinationInstance $destinationDbName $restoreFile "Database"
  
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 6: Restore Permissions to the Destination Database"
    Write-Host "============================================================="

 if($existingPermissions)
 {
  RestorePermissions $destinationInstance $destinationDbName $existingPermissions
 }
 
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host " 7: Delete Backup File from the Destination Server"
    Write-Host "============================================================="

 DeleteFile $restoreFile
 
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "============================================================="
    Write-Host "    Database refresh completed successfully"
    Write-Host "============================================================="
}

#Hard-coded values used only for development
#$sourceInstance = "TRON2\R2PROD"
#$sourceDbName = "AdventureWorks2008R2"
#$sourcePath = "\\TRON2\BACKUP\R2PROD\AdventureWorks2008R2"
#$destinationInstance = "TRON3\R2TEST"
#$destinationDbName = "AdventureWorks2008R2"
#$destinationPath = "\\TRON3\BACKUP"

#Prompt for inputs for an interactive script
#$sourceInstance = $(Read-Host "Source SQL Server name (Ex: SERVER\INSTANCE)")
#$sourceDbName = $(Read-Host "Source database")
#$sourcePath = $(Read-Host "Source share where the file exists (UNC Path Ex: \\SERVER\BACKUP)")
#$destinationInstance = $(Read-Host "Destination SQL Server name (Ex: SERVER\INSTANCE)")
#$destinationDbName = $(Read-Host "Database to be refreshed/created on desitination server")
#$destinationPath = $(Read-Host "Destination share to copy backup file to (UNC Path Ex: \\SERVER\BACKUP)")

#Capture inputs from the command line.
$sourceInstance = $args[0]
$sourceDbName = $args[1]
$sourcePath = $args[2]
$destinationInstance = $args[3]
$destinationDbName = $args[4]
$destinationPath = $args[5]

$debug = "Source Instance Parameter: " + $sourceInstance
Write-Debug $debug
$debug = "Source Database Parameter: " + $sourceDbName
Write-Debug $debug
$debug = "Source Path Parameter: " + $sourcePath
Write-Debug $debug
$debug = "Destination Instance Parameter: " + $destinationInstance
Write-Debug $debug
$debug = "Destination Database Parameter: " + $destinationDbName
Write-Debug $debug
$debug = "Destination Path Parameter: " + $destinationPath
Write-Debug $debug

Main $sourceInstance $sourceDbName $sourcePath $destinationInstance $destinationDbName $destinationPath

3 comments:

Ken StuberFebruary 12, 2013 at 5:33 PM
Great script! It's nice to see such well formed Powershell, with error handling and the code broken out in the functions and such. Was playing around with it and found one slight issue. Given the scenario of a source database that was itself restored from somewhere else, your script to determine the latest full backup may not work since it is sorting by LSN, but not filtering by $serverInstance on b.server_name. If the LSNs are higher on the 'ultimate' source, you may get an old non-existent backup file returned. An easy fix, but it tripped me up. Thanks again! My existing scripts will be incorporating some ideas from yours.
phlegmerJune 21, 2013 at 12:04 PM
This is a very nice script however we had come across 3 issues that we have to modify.

1. This will combine permissions a user has on both source and destination. Example: UserA has R permissions on the source and UserA has W permissions on the destination. Running the script will then change the destination UserA to have RW permissions.

2. Users that are on the source but are not on the destination will carry over to the destination. If this is an issue, perhaps after copying the backup to the destination, drop all / most of the users then recreate them from the created temp destination permission / user table?

3. This one had us stumped for a while. We had one instance where everything worked as it was supposed to but we had one user that would never have permissions assigned. It was a unique user to the destination and it did recreate the user, but no permissions. The problem was with the following code:
--------------------
INSERT #Commands(Cmd)
SELECT 'USE [CaseManagementCriminal];EXEC sp_addrolemember N' + QUOTENAME(d.name,'''') + ', N' + QUOTENAME(m.name,CHAR(39)) + ';'
FROM [CaseManagementCriminal].sys.database_role_members r JOIN [CaseManagementCriminal].sys.database_principals d
ON r.role_principal_id = d.principal_id JOIN [CaseManagementCriminal].sys.database_principals m
ON r.member_principal_id = m.principal_id
WHERE m.principal_id > 5;
--------------------
The user that never had permissions assigned after refresh had a principal_id = 5. Therefore, it never got grabbed. Don't fully understand why it matters why the id was set to > 5 so we just changed ours to !=1 since 1 is usually dbo, and it started to work for us!

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Tuesday, February 12, 2013

T-SQL Tuesday - Use Powershell to Restore a Database on a Different Server

3 comments: